Epidemiology of facial fractures: an analysis of 349 patients
نویسندگان
چکیده
Introduction: Facial fractures epidemiology varies with geographic region. Patients and methods: This study reports the frequency, demographic characteristics and aetiologies of facial fractures in a 5-year retrospective survey, in Burkina Faso. Results: In 349 patients, the fracture involved the mandible (44.5%), the zygomatic complex (38.9%), the maxilla (13.8%) or the naso-fronto-orbito-ethmoidal complex (2.8%). The peak of frequency (58.2%) was recorded between 20 and 39 years and the male to female ratio was 7.1:1. The aetiologies of the fractures were road traffic crashes (80.5%), assaults (9.7%), falls (8.3%), and sport accidents (1.5%). In 80% of the road traffic accidents, a two-wheeled vehicle was involved and 75.9% of falls were from a tree height. There was a significant association between multiple facial fractures and road traffic accidents. Discussion: Epidemiology of facial fractures in this study is similar to that generally reported in developing countries. Frequency of falls from trees height constitutes however a particularity. These findings illustrate the necessity of enforcement of road traffic security, as well as a development of program of prevention of falls from trees, in Burkina Faso. Résumé – Épidémiologie des fractures faciales : l’analyse de 349 patients. Introduction : L’épidémiologie des fractures a une variation géographique. Patients et méthodes : Une étude rétrospective sur 5 ans rapporte la fréquence, les caractéristiques démographiques et les étiologies des fractures faciales au Burkina Faso. Résultats : Chez 349 patients, la fracture intéressait la mandibule (44,5 %), le complexe zygomatique (38,9 %), le maxillaire (13,8 %) ou le complexe ethmoido-naso-fronto-orbitaire (2,8 %). Le pic de fréquence (58,2 %) était observé entre 20 et 39 ans et le rapport homme/femme était de 7.1:1. Les étiologies des fractures étaient les accidents de la circulation routière (80,5 %), les agressions (9,7 %), les chutes (8,3 %) et les accidents de sport (1,5 %). Dans 80 % des accidents de trafic, un véhicule à 2 roues était impliqué et 75,9 % des accidents par chute étaient des chutes du haut d’un arbre. Les fractures faciales multiples étaient significativement associées aux accidents de la route. Discussion : L’épidémiologie des fractures faciales dans cette étude est similaire à celle généralement rapportée dans les pays en développement. La fréquence des accidents par chute du haut d’un arbre constitue cependant une particularité. Ces résultats illustrent la nécessité d’un renforcement de la sécurité routière ainsi que d’un développement de programmes de prévention des accidents par chute du haut d’un arbres, au Burkina Faso. Mots clés : face / fracture / étiologie / épidémiologie
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